By Jennifer Loven
The Associated Press
President of the People’s Republic of China, Hu Jintao (left) and President of the United States, Barack Obama
SHANGHAI (AP) — Pressing for freedom on China’s own turf, President Barack Obama said Monday, Nov. 16, that individual expression is not an American ideal but a universal right that should be available to all.
In his first presidential trip to Asia, Obama lauded cooperative relations with China but sought to send a clear message to his tightly controlled host country. Just as Obama said that few problems can be solved unless the United States and China work together, he prodded China to accept what he called “universal rights.”
“We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation,” Obama said at a town hall at a museum, believed to be the first such format used by a U.S. president on Chinese soil. “But we also don’t believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.”
He added, “These freedoms of expression, and worship, of access to information and political participation — we believe they are universal rights. They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities, whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.”
Obama sought to find a political balance with China, addressing long-standing U.S. concerns about human rights but extending his hand to a critically important partner on economic and security matters.
“More is gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide,” he said in his opening statement.
In one form or another, though, the theme of free expression kept emerging.
“I’m a big supporter of non-censorship,” Obama said in the course of answering one question about Internet usage. Given where Obama was speaking, such a comment was pointed. China has the world’s largest population of Internet users — and the world’s most extensive system of web censorship.
The government carefully monitors how the Internet is used in China, from what sites are visited to what content is posted on sites, both inside and outside of China.
Obama’s town hall was not broadcast live across China on television. It was shown on local Shanghai TV and streamed online on two big national Internet portals. However, the quality was choppy and hard to hear.
U.S. ambassador Jon Huntsman called Obama’s event the first ever town hall meeting held by a U.S. president in China. Yet former presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush also spoke to students and took questions from them during stops in China.
With a smile, Obama said he has never used the popular social networking site Twitter. But he broadly defended unrestricted Internet access as “a source of strength.” And he said the free flow of information, including criticisms of his presidency, has helped by forcing him to consider other opinions.
The town hall was considered a signature event of Obama’s weeklong trip to Asia. He was to end his day in Beijing in meeting with Chinese President Hu Jintao.
China is a huge and lucrative market for American goods and services, and yet it has a giant trade surplus with the United States that, like a raft of other economic issues, is a bone of contention between the two governments. The two militaries have increased their contacts, but clashes still happen and the United States remains worried about a dramatic buildup in what is already the largest standing army in the world.
Amid all that, Obama has adopted a pragmatic approach that stresses the positive, sometimes earning him criticism for being too soft on Beijing, particularly in the area of human rights abuses and what the United States regards as an undervalued Chinese currency that disadvantages U.S. products.
At the town hall, one student asked him about the honor and burden of winning the Nobel Peace Prize. He said he is a symbol of the shift in world affairs that his administration is trying to promote, but reiterated that he didn’t think he had deserved the award.
Obama said there are few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China cooperate.
As nations prepare for next month’s climate change conference in Copenhagen, Obama said leaders will be watching what the United States and China do. He said, “that is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.”
The two nations are working together more than ever on battling global warming, but they still differ deeply over hard targets for reductions in the greenhouse-gas emissions that cause it. China has supported sterner sanctions to halt North Korea’s nuclear weapons program, but it still balks at getting more aggressive about reining in Iran’s uranium enrichment.
Obama recognizes that a rising China, as the world’s third-largest economy on the way to becoming the second and the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt, has shifted the dynamic more toward one of equals. For instance, Chinese questions about how Washington’s spending policies will affect the already soaring U.S. deficit and the safety of Chinese investments.
One closely watched test for Obama is how he will address human rights, including religious freedom in the officially atheist nation. Aides said in advance that Obama would raise several human rights issues privately with Chinese leaders, including President Hu. ♦